Treatment of Thyroid disorders

Heal your thyroid by banishing inflammation, boosting immunity and improving digestive health

(NaturalNews) Thyroid hormones regulate other hormones, including the adrenal glands' adrenaline production. Thyroid gland hormones also influence cellular metabolism, digestion, libido, and overall energy.

There are three maladies involving the thyroid. Not everyone knows he or she has a thyroid issue even while exhibiting low energy or the inability to lose weight. One is an autoimmune disease and the other two are conditions.

The disease is known as Hashimoto's disease, which actually slowly destroys the thyroid while potentially creating both conditions. In addition to both conditions alternating with Hashimoto's disease, a swollen thyroid or goiter which becomes evident.

The two conditions are hypothyroidism, not enough hormone production or utlization, and the other is hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid that causes too much hormone production.



Hypothyroidism is the more common condition with its symptoms of low energy, fatigue, low libido, overweight problems and sensitivity to cold.

Hyperthyroidism can lead to nervousness, restlessness, manic behavior, and difficulty concentrating. Goiter and weight loss can also manifest. Pre-Nazi Germany used sodium fluoride to reduce the excessive hormone production of hyperthyroid patients.

Now, fluoride is in over 75 percent of USA's public water supplies, to keep American citizens dumb and docile with decreased thyroid hormone production.

It's a good idea to eliminate the possibility of Hashimoto's disease before pursuing hypothyroid solutions because the solutions for hypothyroidism are actually dangerous for those with Hashimoto's disease.

Hypothyroidism signs and remedies

Hypothyroidism may be the most common hormonal deficiency in the Western world. It can even occur when the thyroid does produce enough thyroid hormones that are not utilized properly. That's known as thyroid hormone resistance, which produces the same symptoms as hypothyroidism.

Many who think they have fibromyalgia may simply have one of these two manifestations of hypothyroidism. According to Dr. John Lowe, conventional testing can fall short of diagnosing hypothyroidism, especially for those with thyroid hormone resistance.

That's because the T3, T4, and TH hormone counts can appear normal with someone experiencing thyroid hormone resistance. Also, allopathic endocrinologists often have a low expectation of normal. When it comes to remedying thyroid hormone resistance, the high amounts of thyroid hormone Dr. Lowe recommends shock the average endocrinologist.

Dr. Lowe has discovered that treating fibromyalgia complaints the same as hypothyroidism works very well. He uses an additional TRH (thyroid releasing hormone) test with symptom observations.

A simple self-administered test would be to take your temperature immediately upon waking up from a regular night's sleep. A low temperature indicates probable thyroid hormone deficiency, according to Donna Gates of Body Ecology website.

Here is an abbreviated list of other symptoms, most of which resemble fibromyalgia.

* Fatigue mistaken as fibromyalgia
* Unable to lose or stop gaining weight
* Feeling cold easily and often
* Dry skin, eyes, or hair
* Excess muscle tension
* Low immunity
* Low basal body temperature
* Delayed tendon reflex, when the foot returns position slowly after tapping the Achilles heel

Dr. Lowe's complete list of symptoms can be found here: (http://www.drlowe.com/geninfo/hyposymptoms.htm)

It's common for holistic health practitioners to recommend a quality iodine supplement or seaweed consumption. Iodine is thyroid food. They also recommend various natural thyroid hormone supplements.

It makes sense that increased fibromyalgia incidents coincide with a rise in iodine deficiency since iodine was taken out of table salt. Increasing iodine or using thyroid hormone supplements will help a thyroid that's hormone deficient.

Additionally, a comprehensive metabolic approach is required that could also prove helpful for Hoshimoto's disease.

Avoid inflammation causing processed foods and pharmaceutical drugs. Eat organically produced whole vegetables, nuts, legumes, fruits and grains (some say eliminate grains). Hydrate with non-fluoridated water, exercise, and stress less. (http://www.naturalnews.com/032129_fluoridation_intelligence.html)

Sources for this article included:

http://bodyecology.com/articles/low_thyroid_symptoms.php

http://bodyecology.com

http://bodyecology.com

http://thyroid.about.com/cs/hypothyroidism/a/hashivshypo.htm

Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/036522_thyroid_inflammation_immunity.html#ixzz21883lXRQ

Cell Division

Cell Division: Puzzling Findings Relating to Centromere Structure Reconciled

ScienceDaily (July 19, 2012) — Scientists at the Stowers Institute of Medical Research have developed an innovative method to count the number of fluorescent molecules in a cluster and then applied the novel approach to settle a debate rampant among cell biologists -- namely, how DNA twists into a unique chromosomal structure called the centromere. Knowing this helps explain how cells navigate the hazards of division and avoid the disastrous consequences of ending up with the wrong number of chromosomes.

A novel microscopy approach -- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy coupled with calibrated imaging -- revealed the number of Cse4 molecules within single centromeric nucleosomes over the course of the cell cycle. (Credit: Courtesy of the Stowers Institute for Medical Research)

Centromeres, which sit at the cross point of the "X" used to represent duplicated chromosomes, are DNA structures that link those duplicated strands when cells are poised to divide. As division starts, a complex cellular machine drags each chromosome to opposite poles of the cell by grabbing onto centromeres and pulling each arm of the "X" into what will become a daughter cell.

Researchers had known that a nucleosome -- a short coil of DNA twisted around a core of proteins -- forms at each centromere. Within the core is a protein, called Cse4 in yeast, that is found only at that location. But the overall architecture of that nucleosome was unknown. Now, Stowers Associate Investigator Jennifer Gerton, Ph.D., has used live cell imaging to reveal constituents of the centromeric protein core. That study is published in the July 20, 2012 of the journal Cell.

"Understanding centromeres is critical because of the role they play in maintaining genomic integrity," says Gerton. "Losing a chromosome is catastrophic for any cell. And if it happens in sperm or egg cells, it is associated with conditions like Down's Syndrome."

Gerton, whose lab uses both the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells to study the mechanics of cell division, says that, previously, people had proposed at least 6 different centromere structures. "What we found is that centromeric nucleosomes change their structure during cell division," she says. "That explained why people had observed different structures. They had likely been looking at different phases of the cell cycle."

"By demonstrating a new method for monitoring the composition of centromeric nucleosomes in living cells, this work helps to resolve some of the controversies surrounding the architecture of the centromere," said Anthony Carter, Ph.D., of the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of General Medical Sciences, which partially funded the research. "The findings have important implications for understanding chromosome segregation, and may lead to insights on how the process goes awry in certain genetic diseases."

Aiding the effort were Stowers Research Advisors Jay Unruh, Ph.D., and Brian Slaughter, Ph.D., who combined two microscopy methods to probe yeast cells engineered to express Cse4 hooked to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag. The approach allowed them to track and then count in a living cell the number of Cse4 molecules in a centromeric nucleosome, a question hotly debated in the field.

Slaughter describes the controversy more prosaically: "To a microscopist, the question came down to, how many GFP molecules can we see in a fluorescent dot in the middle of a yeast cell?"

Although the microscopy technology applied -- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy coupled with calibrated imaging -- sounds and is complicated, doing the math required to settle the controversy hardly required a calculator. Yeast cells have 16 chromosomes, each with one centromere. If each centromere contained just one copy of Cse4, then the dot glowing in each cell should be 16 times brighter than a single GFP molecule. And it was. But only right before cells began dividing. Once chromosomes separated and moved to opposite poles of a dividing cell, a stage biologists call anaphase, the intensity of the signal increased.

"To our surprise, we quickly realized that we observed 16 Cse4-GFP molecules early in the cell cycle, and then 32 Cse4-GFP molecules in anaphase," says Slaughter. "That meant the composition of the complex was changing." Further analysis indicated that as cells moved into anaphase a component of the centromeric nucleosome got booted out of the core complex and was replaced by an extra molecule of Cse4, changing both the shape and size of the centromere.

Gerton's team, led by the study's first author Manjunatha Shivaraju, Ph.D., confirmed these findings using additional approaches. They found evidence that two molecules of Cse4 were interacting at the centromere in anaphase, but these interactions were not present during the rest of the cell cycle.

This work will be published back to back with a parallel study of human cells by Yamimi Dalal, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute. "The timing of structural changes differs in yeast and human cells," Gerton says, referring to the human study. "And we visualized nucleosomes differently than the Dalal group did. But our conclusions are the same -- that human and yeast centromeres undergo similar dynamic changes with the cell cycle."

Unruh and Slaughter, who developed the microscopy approach used in the study, act as in-house consultants to Stowers investigators about molecular imaging. "Research Advisors provide collaborative support for projects requiring particular expertise," says Slaughter. "We develop novel ways to address questions the PIs are asking." (Stowers also employs research advisors specializing in mathematical modeling and genomics.)

Why such massive effort should be expended on centromere components is evident, given the disastrous consequences of cell division errors. "Most cancer cells are aneuploid," says Shivaraju, referring to a condition in which cells exhibit abnormal numbers of chromosomes. "Knowing that centromeres undergo this structural oscillation could tell us how aneuploidy occurs at a molecular level."

Gerton concurs but also sees the work as reinforcing the utility of yeast as a model organism. "The fact that nucleosome structure is conserved between humans and yeast shows that yeast is a fantastic model for studying molecular mechanisms underlying cell division," she says. "We will continue to use yeast to understand factors that trigger structural changes we see in centromeric nucleosomes."

In addition to Unruh and Slaughter, Mark Mattingly from Stowers and Judith Berman, Ph.D., of the University of Minnesota contributed to this study.

The work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Science (R01GM080477).

Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided byStowers Institute for Medical Research, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Manjunatha Shivaraju, Jay R. Unruh, Brian D. Slaughter, Mark Mattingly, Judith Berman, Jennifer L. Gerton. Cell-Cycle-Coupled Structural Oscillation of Centromeric Nucleosomes in Yeast. Cell, 20 July 2012 DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.034

link: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120719132549.htm